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3 1. 4 2. 6 2.1. 6 2.2. 8 3. ? 11 4. 13 4.1. 13 4.2. 13 4.3. - 14 4.4. 16 4.5. DOS 17 4.6. - 17 4.7. 18 5. 29 6. : 31 6.1. ? 31 6.2. ? 32 : 34 . ? , ( ) ( , ) . , , . . . , . , , - , . , , , . , . , . -. , - , , () . , ( , ), ( - ), (, , ). , , . , . , , , . : Infected Voice, BBS WWW-, . , , , . - , - . , ! . 1. 20- . -, , , , , , - , , , - , , . // - , ( , ) - . . , ( ). - ( ) . , (- , , , ). - . 20- , , , , . , , , , , - -. , . 20- . , ( ). , . 20- , , , , , , - -. , - . , , , . , , . -, - , . - ( ). (, , , ). , - , . , . -, - . , , - -, . - , - , , .. (, - ). , (. RMNS), , , -, . -, , ( , ). , , . - , , , ( , ). - , , . ( IBM) IBM PC - , , , . . ( , ). , , , . - . , - . - , , , , . , ? , - 20- , . . ? Ÿ ( ) 2. , , . - , , , , . , , . - . 2.1. , . .., . , , . , , , . , , : ? , , , .. . , , ? , : . , , . , - , - . , ( ), . , , - - . , . - , . , - , - , 8, 16, 32, 64 .., .. . 30 30 , 1.000.000.000.000.000.000 ! , , , . ( ), 1988 - ( ), . : , . - , , . ? - . - : 1. , . 2. - , 13- , Jerusalem ( - Time). , , , . ( ) , - ! . , , , : -, - - . - -, , , ( ) - . -: , - . 2.2. . , , . - , () . 1984 . 7- , . , , , , , , . , , , ( , , .) , , , ( ). , , , . , , , . , , . - - , . , MS-DOS , -DOS` . -, DOS, AUTOEXEC.BAT : SYS A: COPY *.* A: SYS B: COPY *.* B: SYS C: COPY *.* C: ... DOS . , , , , . , , , . , , . , , .. , , - . , . () ( ) / , . . , (.. ), MS-DOS , , , . , . , . , , . : KOH ALREADY.COM. 1. ... ? ? KOH. / . - boot-c bootstrap loader KOH, - KOH. KOH : , ? ( , ). KOH . KOH () , , . KOH hot-keys ( ), / - , , , . , , , (, , , ). , KOH - . , , : ( ). ?.. ? - ... - , KOH , bootstrap loader KOH 100% Havoc (StealthBoot)... - . ! - StealthBoot.KOH. , , KOH , , , , Sierra, Microsoft, ... 2. ALREADY.COM, . ? - -, ( ). ?.. ! - ! H , , - . , . : 1. - - 2. - - , , : . H . H , ( , )... DOS ( , ), SYS COPY. AUTOEXEC.BAT, , . : , , , . : . ... , , , , / ... KOH , , . __ KOH . - . - ! ALREADY.COM (/ , / ..), , , /. H ? ? , ? - a) , , b) -, : : Intended-, , . MS-DOS SYS+COPY. : KOH, VirDem, Macro.Word.Polite . ( ) Windows95 ? , . : , Yankee, DOS, Windows 3.x, Win95, NT . Norton Disk Doctor` . NDD Disk Doctor` Disk Destroyer`. . : , COMMAND.COM , Dis is one half (OneHalf). , , , . , , - . 3. ? , , , , . ? , , , , . , , , . . ( - ), , . , , , . - , ( ). , , . -, - . , , , , . , . , . () -, , , Windows OS/2. - ( ) . , : . , - -, , . , , - , . , . , 1997 Talon () 21 . - . , , , .. , -. , . , , . - , . . -, , , , ( , ). 1997 20.000, , 10 . , : , . ( ) ( ). -, , . , , : a) , , , ; ) , , . , - - , , . , , . ( ) . ( ) 4. 4.1. . : , Univac 1108 IBM-360/370 (Pervading Animal Christmas tree). , - 70- 60- , . . 4.2. : Brain, Vienna, Cascade . , IBM-PC 80-, 1987-89 . , ( : , ). Yankee Doodle, - , - , , . . Brain Ping-pong Boot-. IBM-PC, - . ANTI-KOT: , 4 () ( SCAN ). , , , ( !) , , . , ANTI-KOT Time () MsDos , COM EXE. , . , Brai, Vienna Cascade . , , - . , . - , , , , . Frodo.4096 - - (). INT 21h , DOS , , . MS-DOS. , DOS (- Beast.512 ). : 1991 , , Dir_. -a-a! , . : RAM - , . , . , . , ... , , -. : ( ), , . 4.3. - - 90- - Chameleon , - - - 1991-, - Tequila ( , , , -, - 1994, Phantom1 ). - - - 1992 Dedicated , - MtE MtE-, -. (OBJ-), - - OBJ- - OBJ- . , -, /. - . , MtE- , , , . - , 1993 . - . , -, , , - . , ( 1993): Bootache , CivilWar ( ), Crusher , Dudley Fly , Freddy, Ginger Grog , Haif, Moctezuma ( ), MVF Necros , Nukehard , PcFly ( ), Predator, Satanbug , Sandra , Shoker, Todor Tremor , Trigger,Uruguay ( ). , , .. - (.. , ) : Basilisk Daemaen , Invisibl ( ), Mirea ( ), Rasek ( ), Sarov Scoundrel Seat , Sill, Simulation. , . - - . , -, BBS , , . 1993 -. : MTE 0.90 (Mutation Engine), TPE (Trident Polymorphic Engine), NED (Nuke Encryption Device), DAME (Dark Angel`s Multiple Encryptor) , . 4.4. - . . 1992 . 1992 IBM-PC - VCL ( Virus Creation Laboratory ) 1.00. (, ), . VCL . , (COM / EXE), , , , , .. , , , - ( - - [companion]). : - VCL , 10-15 30-40 , (). - ! - . 27 PS-MPC ( Phalcon/Skism Mass-Produced Code Generator ). . : (COM EXE); (PS-MPC , VCL); ; ; COMMAND.COM . PS-MPC G2 ( Phalcon/Skism`s G2 0.70 beta ), PS-MPC, . G2 1993 . , G2 . , . , ? , , : VCL G2 - ; PS-MPC - . : , , . 4.5. DOS 1992- , - -. Windows, , , . ( 1K), Windows (NewEXE) Windows. OS/2, 1996 - Windows95. , -DOS , , , -DOS , DOS-. , DOS . DOS- Windows, Win95 OS/2, DOS- . 1993 , Intel386. PMBS , . , DOS V86. , - . , - V86, , . - 1997 , PM.Wanderer - , . , - . , (Windows, Win95/NT, OS/2), () . -, DOS, - DOS . 4.6. - 1995-, . , Microsoft Windows95. , , , Microsoft Word. , , Word. , . . - - - -. , -, , , . , - ? - ! . , Concept , . - Microsoft, Concept ( ) . , MS Word - , , , - , , Word`e . , Internet , , , , (, MS Word) ! , MS Word, Internet, . , 1996- Laroux (), MS Excel. Concept, - . , 1997 . 1996 -, 1997 -- MS-Word MS Office97. -, 1997-. 1995-, , , -, , . 4.7. . . 1960 - 1970- , (the rabbit). , . - , . , , Univax 1108. , Pervading Animal, - , . 1970- Tenex The Creeper, . . The Reeper - . 1980- . , , , - BBS. - , - . 1981 Elk Cloner Apple II. , . - , . 1986 IBM-PC Brain . , 360K , . , . Basit Amjad Farooq Alvi, , , . , . , . , Brain - - . 1986 (Ralf Burger) , DOS-. , VirDem , . 1986 - , VAX/VMS- (Chaos Computer Club in Hamburg). 1987 Vienna. , Computer Viruses: A High Tech Desease ( - . ). , , . IBM-PC. Lehigh , COMMAND.COM, Suriv- ( - April1st), COM-, Suriv-, () EXE-, Suriv-, COM-, EXE-. (Yale , Stoned PingPong ) Cascade . -IBM-: Apple Macintosh, Commodore Amiga Atari ST. 1987 Cristmas Tree , REXX VM/CMS. 9- Bitnet , European Academic Research Network (EARN) - IBM VNet. (13 ) - (. ). (, ) , NAMES NETLOG. 1988 13- 1988- Jerusalem - . , , MS-DOS-, - , . , , - . ( Cascade , Stoned , Vienna ), Jerusalem , - , . , - . , -. , , Symantec - Norton Anti-Virus. , , . ( - virus hoax) Mike RoChenle ( Microchannel), BBS , 2400 . , 2400 1200 . hoax- . - GoodTimes Aol4Free . 1988: ( - Internet Worm). 6000 ( NASA Research Institute) . , - Cristmas Tree , , , . 96 . Unix VAX Sun Microsystems. Unix , , . , 1991, N8,9. 1988: - , DECNet. - HI.COM , stop computing and have a good time at home!!! , , Dr.Solomon`s Anti-Virus Toolkit, . 1989 - Datacrime , FuManchu - Vacsina Yankee . - 13 31 . . 1989: - IBM Anti-Virus. 1989: DECNet - - WANK Worm. 1989: Aids. 20.000 , AIDS Information Diskette Version 2.0. 90 , ( hidden) - 189 , PO Box 7, Panama. . , 1989 - Cascade, Jerusalem Vienna . , -. ( Cascade) 1989 - . -. , ANTI-KOT . ( Vacsina) -V ( AVP - AntiViral Toolkit Pro). 1989 ( ): Cascade, Vacsina Yankee, Jerusalem, Vienna, Eddie, PingPong. 1990 . - Chameleon ( - V2P1, V2P2 V2P6). - . Chameleon . : . Murphy, Nomenclatura , Beast ( 512, Number-of-Beast), Eddie . Dark Avenger, , . BBS, . 1990 PC Today (). -, DiskKiller. 50.000 . 1990- - - Frodo Whale . -, Whale - . : Peterburg , Voronezh LoveChild . 1991 , . : (Symantec Central Point) - Norton Anti-Virus Central Point Anti-Virus. Xtree Fifth Generation. - - Tequila , Amoeba . . 1991: Dir_II, (link-). , 1991 - , 1992-. 1992 -IBM-PC -MS-DOS : , , - . , - (MS-DOS) (IBM-PC). , . , , . : 1992: - MtE , -. MtE -. 1992: Michelangelo (March6) . , , , - , , , .. . , 6- . , 10.000 . 1992: VCL PS-MPC, , MtE , , . 1992: Windows, , . 1993 : , , - , , , .. : PMBS , Intel 80386. Strange ( Hmm) - -, INT 0Dh INT 76h. Shadowgard Carbuncle , -; Emmie , Metallica , Bomber , Uruguay Cruncher - . 1993 Microsoft MSAV, CPAV Central Point. 1994 -. , . , - -. ( ) . , - . - - SMEG.Pathogen SMEG.Queeg ( 100%- ). BBS, . GoodTimes, . , DOS- Good Times, GT-Spoof. : 1994 SMEG . , ARCV (Assotiation for Really Cruel Viruses). . : 1994: Shifte - , (OBJ-). Phantom1 - - . 1994: SrcVir - , (C Pascal). 1994: OneHalf - , . 1994: 3APA3A - - , MS-DOS. . 1994 () - Central Point. , , - Peter Norton Computing, Certus International Fifth Generation Systems. 1995 DOS- , - NightFall , Nostradamus , Nutcracker , RMNS BAT- Winstart. ByWay DieHard2 - . 1995: Microsoft: , Windows95, Form. Microsoft -, . 1995: - ESaSS (ThunderBYTE anti-virus) Norman Data Defence (Norman Virus Control). , , . 1995: : Microsoft Word ( Concept ). , MS-Word , . 1996 1996: - Windows95 ( Win95.Boza ) - Zhengxi -. 1996: Windows 3.x. - Win.Tentacle . . , Windows-, . ( ) Windows- , , DOS- Macro-. 1996: OS2.AEP - OS/2, EXE- . OS/2 , , . 1996: Laroux - Microsoft Excel, ( ). MS-Word-, Laroux - Basic. Excel , MS-Word. , Excel Basic . 1997 . 1996: Win95.Punch - Win95. VxD-, . 1996 Windows32 (Windows95 Windows NT) Microsoft Office. Windows95/NT -. , - - .. - 32- . Windows32 , 10 DOS-, . 1997 1997: Linux.Blis - Linux ( ). . - 1997: - Office97. - Word 6/7, , Office97. 1997: ShareFun - -, MS Word 6/7. MS Word, MS-Mail. 1997: Homer - -, File Transfer Protocol (ftp). 1997: Windows95. , , BBS , . 1997: Esperanto . ( , ) , DOS Windows, Mac OS (). 1997: - mIRC. , Windows IRC (Internet Relay Chat), mIRC, , IRC-. IRC , mIRC- . 1997 , , , . 1994 - AntiViral Toolkit Pro (AVP) - , . . , , . 1997 AVP DataFellows FSAV (F-Secure Anti-Virus). DataFellows F-PROT. 1997 , . McAfee , - Dr.Solomon. McAfee , Dr.Solomon , . Dr.Solomon , ( McAfee cheat mode - ), , Dr.Solomon . Dr.Solomon , . Dr.Solomon , McAfee. The Number One Choice Worldwide. No Wonder The Doctor`s Left Town. McAfee Trend Micro , . c Trend Micro Symantec. Symantec McAfee Symantec McAfee. .. , McAfee: McAfee Associates Network General Network Assotiates , , . McAfee NAI. 1998 MS Windows, MS Office . , . , , . CD-: , Windows- CI Marburg . : Win32.HLLP.DeTroie, Windows32, . , Windows, - . 1998: , Excel - Excel4.Paix ( Formula.Paix). - Excel , , , , . - 1998: Win95.HPS Win95.Marburg - Windows32-, . , DOS-. 1998: AccessiV - Microsoft Access. , Word.Concept Excel.Laroux , , , MS Office . 1998: - Cross - , MS Office: Access Word. -, Office- . 1998: RedTeam. EXE- Windows, Eudora. : Win95.CIH , , , - , . , -. , Web- - . , , . , Word.CAP Excel.Laroux. : Flash BIOS, . 1998: BackOrifice (Backdoor.BO) - () . BackOrifice : NetBus, Phase . , Java - Java.StangeBrew . - , . , , Web-. 1998: VBScript.Rabbit - - , VisualBasic (VBS-), Web-. VBScript- HTML- ( HTML.Internal ). , , -, MS Windows, Office , Web- / . . 1998 Symantec IBM : Symantec Norton Anti-Virus, IBM Anti-Virus (IBMAV) . : Dr.Solomon NAI ( - McAfee) - IBMAV . , Dr.Solomon. NAI (McAfee) 640 . : /, . 1999 , , . ( . - ) 5. : ; (OC); ; . : ; ; ; . ( ), - (-), (link-). (boot-), , (Master Boot Record), boot-. - - . . - , - , , . , , , , -. - -, , . (, , ) . - OS - DOS, Windows, Win95/NT, OS/2 .. - Word, Excel, Office97. . : ; -; ; . , . . . , . . -, . , . DOS- DOS-, OC. - . - OC / . - , . - . - Frodo, - Brain. , . - (polymorphic) - , , .. . - . -. , OC ( 3APA3A), ( TPVO, Trout2), (, Flash-BIOS) .. : , .. ( ); , , . ; , ; , , , , , , , , - . , , , . , , , , (, DenZuk 360K , ). , COM EXE , . , . DOS, Windows . . 6. : ? ? - , . 6.1. ? ? : 1) -DOS-, - Windows OS/2; 2) -, ; 3) , . 3) - MS Mail ftp, . , , . : , - , . , . 6.2. ? ? , , . , , : (); OC ; . , . , - Word Excel, , Windows - (.. ) . , , , ( ) . , , ( VAX - ). , , - , , , , . . , - UNIX, VMS .. , ? (.. , ). , ? - Novell NetWare, , . , Novell NetWare, . : 1000 100 , , . - : 15.000 20.000 IBM- , - Apple-Macintosh. Windows ( ) OS/2 ( ). OS ( ), Microsoft (DOS, Windows, Win95/NT Word, Excel, Office97), -. . - , . , - OC, . , IBM Apple ( Apple- IBM-), . , , , . - . , ( ..), . , - , , , .., .., . : . : http://www.symantec.ru/region/ru/product/navbrochure/index.htm http://www.symantec.ru http://www.dials.ru/ http://www.avp.ru/ http://www2.dialognauka.ru/ http://www.apl.ru/isvwsolaris.htm http://www.act.ru/av/Solomon/DrSolom_report.asp
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